When I was in middle school I had a couple of books called "The Penguin Atlas of World History". The books were printed on an unusual, fairly dense paper, and were kind of small but heavy for their dimensions. Unfortunately, they were also bound in a kind of slipshod fashion and eventually they fell apart because I read them frequently. They basically told a story of "the world of men" in maps. I was always particularly fascinated with the so called "age of migration" in the early medieval world when european people were moving around because it was presented as a sort of "beginning" point of europe, therefore of my ancestors.
However, even when I was 12 or so, that didn't make any sense for very basic reasons. It was an entirely arbitrary "beginning" because of course those people who migrated to europe came from somewhere else and in fact europeans had been living in that region for tens of thousands of years prior, so the narrative was nonsensical. I read and re-read the sparse text of that book to try to understand what I was missing, but never found it.
The reason I didn't find it was the info in the book was presented out-of-context because the authors of that book were Germans and they were presenting "the official narrative" they learned in school which conflated "the beginning" of europe with its christianization. For example former President of France Charles deGaulle said:
"For me, the history of France begins with Clovis, elected as king of France by the tribe of the Franks, who gave their name to France. Before Clovis, we have Gallo-Roman and Gaulish prehistory. The decisive element, for me, is that Clovis was the first king to have been baptized a Christian. My country is a Christian country and I reckon the history of France beginning with the accession of a Christian king who bore the name of the Franks."
There's a specific mega-distortion in histories that for whatever reason I tuned into at the age of 12 or so. Historical narratives are presented as a necessary sequence of events with rational causes and effects rather than entirely contingent and arbitrary outcomes. The "official" narratives are carefully crafted lies that are trademarked by the ruling class and inculcated into the population via schools in the present day. A "good student" is just a parrot. Even in a nominally "free" society while an individual can say or write almost anything they want, only the ruling class opinions, that is, the official story is set on blast.
When I was looking at those maps of medieval europe as a 12 year old kid, I was trying to figure out why the europeans abandoned their prior religion and became "christians". No such explanation is in that book because it's understood as a necessary "watershed" moment. Over the subsequent decades of my life, I tried many times to research the subject, but no authors presented it in a manner that makes sense to me, that is, it was an entirely contingent thing and the current timeline is really a series of arbitrary outcomes.
One obvious example of that in the historical record is the early version of christianity in Europe was so called "Arian" christianity, but that was replaced with a different trademarked version of christianity--catholic christianity. It seems pretty likely the catholics murdered the guy who had the trademark on Arian christianity. To this day catholics recite the "nicene creed" which commemorates how the "church fathers" settled the beefs they had 1700 years ago with poison.
Another more recent version of this historical distortion is found in the history of the settlement of Ohio. In retrospect, the outcome was always "up in the air" and often times events were farcical, such as the French claims on "ownership" of the New World which turned into British Claims, then American Claims. Each claim was based on a prior fraud, and the ostensibly "competing" governments colluded to bolster their legitimacy. Of course, this lesson can't be taught in a school even though it's the most important lesson of that era.
In other words, the claim of History as a subject is: things came to be as they must, that is, they were pre-ordained and the current order of the world is "just" because it won. This is how the "christianization" narrative is presented in many books, even by secular scholars. I recall reading a book that presented christianity "winning" out in darwinian fashion over the prior religion. Some authors make bizarre claims that became really widespread like christianity "created" the concept of being an individual that is the "content" of the christian religion won out over the content in the germanic religions because it was intrinsically better.
That's not what happened at all. Christianity's the ultimate example of something that's entirely contingent and arbitrary. For example, the "core" of christianity is actually Greek philosophy, but because it started off as a jewish cult it's associated with the bible which some modern religious christians still regard as a historical narrative rather than a collection of Mediterranean world myths. Both the jews and the greeks had been absorbed into the roman empire and as rome collapsed as an organized political/military entity its religious institutions morphed into the "Roman Catholic" church.
As with the "settlement of Ohio" narrative, because all the parties involved were weak AF, the series of events that followed, like the "baptism of Clovis I" was all pretty arbitrary and could have turned out any number of ways. Two weak players, Clovis and the early catholic church partnered up to bolster each other, but any number of other gangsters of that era could have buddied up and formed a winning combo. The search for an answer "why they won" as in, it was a necessary outcome, is an ex post facto distortion. It really "just happened to work out".
A very weird modern wrinkle on this "necessary cause and effect" narrative is the variations introduced by women's studies or black people studies or native american studies. That is the "official ruling class narratives" are now ammended with mentions of a woman, or a black, or whatever, but the overall theme remains the same. For example, one uncomfortable fact of French settlement of the new world is the Indians bartered their women's beavers to the French like they bartered their beaver pelts and in fact, they did it in gratuitous fashion. Basically the women would put on a strip-club type show and offer up their asses since they didn't share a language. The leadership of the Indians basically pimped out their hoes for material gain. The narrative has to be altered to make this a woman-power move.
The core of all this bullshit is to make it seem like the world is as it must be, which is of course what the ruling class people want everyone to believe. The reality is its entirely contingent and nobody can really make a claim on "legitimacy". It just doesn't exist.




